The atomic structure of polar and non-polar InGaN quantum wells and the green gap problem.
Identifieur interne : 000239 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000238; suivant : 000240The atomic structure of polar and non-polar InGaN quantum wells and the green gap problem.
Auteurs : C J Humphreys [Royaume-Uni] ; J T Griffiths [Royaume-Uni] ; F. Tang [Royaume-Uni] ; F. Oehler [France] ; S D Findlay [Australie] ; C. Zheng [Australie] ; J. Etheridge [Australie] ; T L Martin [Royaume-Uni] ; P A J. Bagot [Royaume-Uni] ; M P Moody [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Sutherland [Royaume-Uni] ; P. Dawson [Royaume-Uni] ; S. Schulz [Irlande (pays)] ; S. Zhang [Royaume-Uni] ; W Y Fu [Royaume-Uni] ; T. Zhu [Royaume-Uni] ; M J Kappers [Royaume-Uni] ; R A Oliver [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Ultramicroscopy [ 1879-2723 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
We have used high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), aberration-corrected quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (Q-STEM), atom probe tomography (APT) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the atomic structure of (0001) polar and (11-20) non-polar InGaN quantum wells (QWs). This paper provides an overview of the results. Polar (0001) InGaN in QWs is a random alloy, with In replacing Ga randomly. The InGaN QWs have atomic height interface steps, resulting in QW width fluctuations. The electrons are localised at the top QW interface by the built-in electric field and the well-width fluctuations, with a localisation energy of typically 20meV. The holes are localised near the bottom QW interface, by indium fluctuations in the random alloy, with a localisation energy of typically 60meV. On the other hand, the non-polar (11-20) InGaN QWs contain nanometre-scale indium-rich clusters which we suggest localise the carriers and produce longer wavelength (lower energy) emission than from random alloy non-polar InGaN QWs of the same average composition. The reason for the indium-rich clusters in non-polar (11-20) InGaN QWs is not yet clear, but may be connected to the lower QW growth temperature for the (11-20) InGaN QWs compared to the (0001) polar InGaN QWs.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.01.019
PubMed: 28196629
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Irlande (pays), Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Grand Manchester, Oxfordshire
- Cambridge, Manchester, Oxford
- Université d'Oxford, Université de Cambridge, Université de Manchester
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Electronic address: fabrice.oehler@lpn.cnrs.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS/C2N, Paris Sud University, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>91460 Marcoussis</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>91460 Marcoussis</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Findlay, S D" sort="Findlay, S D" uniqKey="Findlay S" first="S D" last="Findlay">S D Findlay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: scott.findlay@monash.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3800</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, C" sort="Zheng, C" uniqKey="Zheng C" first="C" last="Zheng">C. Zheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: changlin.zheng@monash.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3800</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Etheridge, J" sort="Etheridge, J" uniqKey="Etheridge J" first="J" last="Etheridge">J. Etheridge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: joanne.etheridge@mcem.monash.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3800</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, T L" sort="Martin, T L" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T L" last="Martin">T L Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. Electronic address: tomas.martin@materials.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bagot, P A J" sort="Bagot, P A J" uniqKey="Bagot P" first="P A J" last="Bagot">P A J. Bagot</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. Electronic address: paul.bagot@materials.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moody, M P" sort="Moody, M P" uniqKey="Moody M" first="M P" last="Moody">M P Moody</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. Electronic address: michael.moody@materials.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sutherland, D" sort="Sutherland, D" uniqKey="Sutherland D" first="D" last="Sutherland">D. Sutherland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. 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Electronic address: stefan.schulz@tyndall.ie.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cork</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" sort="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="S" last="Zhang">S. Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: siyuan.zhang@mpie.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, W Y" sort="Fu, W Y" uniqKey="Fu W" first="W Y" last="Fu">W Y Fu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: wyfu@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, T" sort="Zhu, T" uniqKey="Zhu T" first="T" last="Zhu">T. Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kappers, M J" sort="Kappers, M J" uniqKey="Kappers M" first="M J" last="Kappers">M J Kappers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: mjk30@cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliver, R A" sort="Oliver, R A" uniqKey="Oliver R" first="R A" last="Oliver">R A Oliver</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: rao28@cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28196629</idno><idno type="pmid">28196629</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.01.019</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000D26</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000D26</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000D23</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000D23</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000D23</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000D23</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">004317</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">004317</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">004317</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000234</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000239</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000239</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The atomic structure of polar and non-polar InGaN quantum wells and the green gap problem.</title><author><name sortKey="Humphreys, C J" sort="Humphreys, C J" uniqKey="Humphreys C" first="C J" last="Humphreys">C J Humphreys</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: colin.humphreys@msm.cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Griffiths, J T" sort="Griffiths, J T" uniqKey="Griffiths J" first="J T" last="Griffiths">J T Griffiths</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: jg641@cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, F" sort="Tang, F" uniqKey="Tang F" first="F" last="Tang">F. Tang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: ft274@cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oehler, F" sort="Oehler, F" uniqKey="Oehler F" first="F" last="Oehler">F. Oehler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>CNRS/C2N, Paris Sud University, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France. Electronic address: fabrice.oehler@lpn.cnrs.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS/C2N, Paris Sud University, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>91460 Marcoussis</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>91460 Marcoussis</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Findlay, S D" sort="Findlay, S D" uniqKey="Findlay S" first="S D" last="Findlay">S D Findlay</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: scott.findlay@monash.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3800</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, C" sort="Zheng, C" uniqKey="Zheng C" first="C" last="Zheng">C. Zheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: changlin.zheng@monash.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3800</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Etheridge, J" sort="Etheridge, J" uniqKey="Etheridge J" first="J" last="Etheridge">J. Etheridge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia. Electronic address: joanne.etheridge@mcem.monash.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria 3800</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, T L" sort="Martin, T L" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T L" last="Martin">T L Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. Electronic address: tomas.martin@materials.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bagot, P A J" sort="Bagot, P A J" uniqKey="Bagot P" first="P A J" last="Bagot">P A J. Bagot</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. Electronic address: paul.bagot@materials.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moody, M P" sort="Moody, M P" uniqKey="Moody M" first="M P" last="Moody">M P Moody</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. Electronic address: michael.moody@materials.ox.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sutherland, D" sort="Sutherland, D" uniqKey="Sutherland D" first="D" last="Sutherland">D. Sutherland</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: danny.sutherland@manchester.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Manchester</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region nuts="2" type="region">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dawson, P" sort="Dawson, P" uniqKey="Dawson P" first="P" last="Dawson">P. Dawson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Physics and Astronomy, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Electronic address: philip.dawson@manchester.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Physics and Astronomy, Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Manchester</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Manchester</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region nuts="2" type="region">Grand Manchester</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulz, S" sort="Schulz, S" uniqKey="Schulz S" first="S" last="Schulz">S. Schulz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: stefan.schulz@tyndall.ie.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, Cork</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cork</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" sort="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="S" last="Zhang">S. Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: siyuan.zhang@mpie.de.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, W Y" sort="Fu, W Y" uniqKey="Fu W" first="W Y" last="Fu">W Y Fu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: wyfu@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, T" sort="Zhu, T" uniqKey="Zhu T" first="T" last="Zhu">T. Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kappers, M J" sort="Kappers, M J" uniqKey="Kappers M" first="M J" last="Kappers">M J Kappers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: mjk30@cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliver, R A" sort="Oliver, R A" uniqKey="Oliver R" first="R A" last="Oliver">R A Oliver</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. Electronic address: rao28@cam.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Ultramicroscopy</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-2723</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We have used high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), aberration-corrected quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy (Q-STEM), atom probe tomography (APT) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the atomic structure of (0001) polar and (11-20) non-polar InGaN quantum wells (QWs). This paper provides an overview of the results. Polar (0001) InGaN in QWs is a random alloy, with In replacing Ga randomly. The InGaN QWs have atomic height interface steps, resulting in QW width fluctuations. The electrons are localised at the top QW interface by the built-in electric field and the well-width fluctuations, with a localisation energy of typically 20meV. The holes are localised near the bottom QW interface, by indium fluctuations in the random alloy, with a localisation energy of typically 60meV. On the other hand, the non-polar (11-20) InGaN QWs contain nanometre-scale indium-rich clusters which we suggest localise the carriers and produce longer wavelength (lower energy) emission than from random alloy non-polar InGaN QWs of the same average composition. The reason for the indium-rich clusters in non-polar (11-20) InGaN QWs is not yet clear, but may be connected to the lower QW growth temperature for the (11-20) InGaN QWs compared to the (0001) polar InGaN QWs.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Irlande (pays)</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Grand Manchester</li><li>Oxfordshire</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li><li>Manchester</li><li>Oxford</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li><li>Université de Manchester</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Humphreys, C J" sort="Humphreys, C J" uniqKey="Humphreys C" first="C J" last="Humphreys">C J Humphreys</name></region><name sortKey="Bagot, P A J" sort="Bagot, P A J" uniqKey="Bagot P" first="P A J" last="Bagot">P A J. Bagot</name><name sortKey="Dawson, P" sort="Dawson, P" uniqKey="Dawson P" first="P" last="Dawson">P. Dawson</name><name sortKey="Fu, W Y" sort="Fu, W Y" uniqKey="Fu W" first="W Y" last="Fu">W Y Fu</name><name sortKey="Griffiths, J T" sort="Griffiths, J T" uniqKey="Griffiths J" first="J T" last="Griffiths">J T Griffiths</name><name sortKey="Kappers, M J" sort="Kappers, M J" uniqKey="Kappers M" first="M J" last="Kappers">M J Kappers</name><name sortKey="Martin, T L" sort="Martin, T L" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T L" last="Martin">T L Martin</name><name sortKey="Moody, M P" sort="Moody, M P" uniqKey="Moody M" first="M P" last="Moody">M P Moody</name><name sortKey="Oliver, R A" sort="Oliver, R A" uniqKey="Oliver R" first="R A" last="Oliver">R A Oliver</name><name sortKey="Sutherland, D" sort="Sutherland, D" uniqKey="Sutherland D" first="D" last="Sutherland">D. Sutherland</name><name sortKey="Tang, F" sort="Tang, F" uniqKey="Tang F" first="F" last="Tang">F. Tang</name><name sortKey="Zhang, S" sort="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S" first="S" last="Zhang">S. Zhang</name><name sortKey="Zhu, T" sort="Zhu, T" uniqKey="Zhu T" first="T" last="Zhu">T. Zhu</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Oehler, F" sort="Oehler, F" uniqKey="Oehler F" first="F" last="Oehler">F. Oehler</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Findlay, S D" sort="Findlay, S D" uniqKey="Findlay S" first="S D" last="Findlay">S D Findlay</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Etheridge, J" sort="Etheridge, J" uniqKey="Etheridge J" first="J" last="Etheridge">J. Etheridge</name><name sortKey="Zheng, C" sort="Zheng, C" uniqKey="Zheng C" first="C" last="Zheng">C. Zheng</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Schulz, S" sort="Schulz, S" uniqKey="Schulz S" first="S" last="Schulz">S. Schulz</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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